Points = people, different stone tools = peopleīinford: culture as an adaptive mechanism that allowed human groups to respond to dynamic and changing external conditions Looking at structures of society, creating typologies 5 different cultures that made these assemblages bc they were all different from each other
Acheulean axes - cannot assume there was no variability when they were used over 3 continents Bordes-Binford Debate Bordes: In seeking to explain variability in tool types on Mousterian sites he argued migrating cultures or "tribes" were responsible for the alternating industries within the Mousterian Early archaeologists confronted with variations - categorized stone tools across the PaleolithicĮx. Markers for the movements of hominins over ancient landscapes Clarke's Technological Modes - Sought to identify common stages of advancement that lithics around the world progress through The adaptive role of tools on hominin lifeways Cognitive archaeology - if you have flakes, can see what decisions people were making Stone tools and hominins - Phylogenies/human evolutionary sequence Manufacturing strategies can be used to differentiate between groups Describes the stages that a lithic progresses through as it is chipped into a toolĪims to identify the intentions and goals of prehistoric knappers, inclusing the "desired end products" of knapping sequences Very fluid in the way they were used Chaîne opératoire French for operational chain or operational sequence Were they sharpening points that had dulled or were they working large cobbles into tools? Lifecycle stages of a lithic - Gathering stone, lithic scatter, refining it, using it, either resharpened, discard, or someone else picks it up and reuses it (or an archeologist) This can tell you what kind of knapping took place here Separate the types of flakes, or Debitage, from each otherĪ.
#Obsidian scalpel vs steel micro skin#
Primary (lots of cortex, skin of the rock, minerals growing around the flint, secondary (taking off bigger flakes to thin the artifact), tertiary flakes (pressure flaking, sharpening, making notches)Ģ. Chips are not garbage, but can make inferences about the way people made stone toolsī. Separate flakes from chipped tools from groundstone artifactsĪ. Wide variety, bc there is more options for grinding with groundstone and knapping with chert Steps to Lithic Analysis 1. Then artifacts are sanded and ground to finalize their features Groundstone Objects -sculptures (Venus), bowls, granite and flint axes (knapped then ground), slate blades/lances Methods of manufacture of groundstone - Artifacts are typically pecked, or hammered, into a preform or rough cut in quarries: raw material is pecked all around until a nodule can be broken off - this is manufactured into bowls, carvings, etc. Grind these materials into desired shape Groundstone - Materials used includes soapstone, granite, porphyry, banded slate, chert
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